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| US Space-based Positioning,
Navigation, And Timing Policy |
Excerpts
from the US Space-Based Positioning, Navigation,
and Timing Policy (PNT) issued by President George
Bush on December 15, 2004. The detailed policy
can be found online at www.technology.gov/space |
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The fundamental
goal of this policy is to ensure that the United States
maintains space-based positioning, navigation, and timing
services, augmentation, back-up, and service denial
capabilities that: (1) provide uninterrupted availability
of positioning, navigation, and timing services; (2)
meet growing national, homeland, economic security,
and civil requirements, and scientific and commercial
demands; (3) remain the pre-eminent military space-based
positioning, navigation, and timing service; (4) continue
to provide civil services that exceed or are competitive
with foreign civil space-based positioning, navigation,
and timing services and augmentation systems; (5) remain
essential components of internationally accepted positioning,
navigation, and timing services; and (6) promote U.S.
technological leadership in applications involving space-based
positioning, navigation, and timing services. To achieve
this goal, the United States Government shall:
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Provide uninterrupted access
to U.S. space-based global, precise positioning,
navigation, and timing services for U.S. and allied
national security systems and capabilities through
the GPS, without being dependent on foreign positioning,
navigation, and timing services;
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Provide on a continuous, worldwide
basis civil space-based, positioning, navigation,
and timing services free of direct user fees for
civil, commercial, and scientific uses, and for
homeland security through the GPS and its augmentations,
and provide open, free access to information necessary
to develop and build equipment to use these services;
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Improve capabilities to deny
hostile use of any space-based positioning, navigation,
and timing services, without unduly disrupting civil
and commercial access to civil positioning, navigation,
and timing services outside an area of military
operations, or for homeland security purposes;
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Improve the performance of space-based
positioning, navigation, and timing services, including
more robust resistance to interference for, and
consistent with, U.S. and allied national security
purposes, homeland security, and civil, commercial,
and scientific users worldwide;
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Maintain the GPS as a component
of multiple sectors of the U.S. Critical Infrastructure,
consistent with Homeland Security Presidential Directive-7,
Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization,
and Protection, dated December 17, 2003
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Encourage foreign development
of positioning, navigation, and timing services
and systems based on the GPS. Seek to ensure that
foreign space-based positioning, navigation, and
timing systems are interoperable with the civil
services of the GPS and its augmentations in order
to benefit civil, commercial, and scientific users
worldwide. At a minimum, seek to ensure that foreign
systems are compatible with the GPS and its augmentations
and address mutual security concerns with foreign
providers to prevent hostile use of space-based
positioning, navigation, and timing services; and
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Promote the use of U.S. space-based
positioning, navigation, and timing services and
capabilities for applications at the Federal, State,
and local level, to the maximum practical extent.
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| Management |
This policy establishes
a permanent National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation,
and Timing Executive Committee. The Executive Committee
will be co-chaired by the Deputy Secretaries of the
Department of Defense and the Department of Transportation
or by their designated representatives. Its members
will include representatives at the equivalent level
from the Departments of State, Commerce, and Homeland
Security, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration, and from other Departments
and Agencies as required. Components of the Executive
Office of the President, including the Office of Management
and Budget, the National Security Council staff, the
Homeland Security Council staff, the Office of Science
and Technology Policy, and the National Economic Council
staff, shall participate as observers to the Executive
Committee The Chairman of the Federal Communications
Commission shall be invited to participate on the Executive
Committee as a Liaison. The Executive Committee shall
meet at least twice each year. The Secretaries of Defense
and Transportation shall develop the procedures by which
the Committee shall operate.
The Executive Committee shall make recommendations to
its member Departments and Agencies, and to the President
through the representatives of the Executive Office
of the President. In addition, the Executive Committee
will advise and coordinate with and among the Departments
and Agencies responsible for the strategic decisions
regarding policies, architectures, requirements, and
resource allocation for maintaining and improving U.S.
spacebased positioning, navigation, and timing infrastructures,
including the GPS, its augmentations, security for these
services, and relationships with foreign positioning,
navigation, and timing services
The Executive Committee shall advise and coordinate
the interdepartmental resource allocation for the GPS
and it augmentations on an annual basis. The Secretary
of Defense shall have primary responsibility for providing
resources for development, acquisition, operation, sustainment,
and modernization of the GPS. The Secretary of Transportation
shall provide resources to the Secretary of Defense
for assessment, development, acquisition, implementation,
operation, and sustainment of additional designated
GPS civil capabilities beyond the second and third civil
signals already contained in the current GPS program.
GPS civil signal performance monitoring, augmentations,
and other unique positioning, navigation, and timing
capabilities will be funded by the agency or agencies
requiring those services or capabilities, including
out-year procurement and operations costs. Any new technical
features proposed and funded by the civil agencies shall
not degrade or displace existing or planned national
security functions of the system. If the Executive Committee
recommends that the availability of GPS capabilities
should be accelerated, the Executive Committee will
make recommendations regarding the resources required
to accelerate those capabilities. Resource issues will
be resolved during the regular budget process.
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| Foreign Access |
Any exports of
U.S. positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities
covered by the United States Munitions List or the Commerce
Control List will continue to be licensed pursuant to
the International Traffic in Arms Regulations or the
Export Administration Regulations, as appropriate, and
in accordance with all existing laws and regulations.
As a general guideline, export of civil or other non-United
States Munitions List space-based positioning, navigation
and timing capabilities that are currently available
or are planned to be available in the global marketplace
will continue to be considered favorably. Exports of
sensitive or advanced positioning, navigation, and timing
information, systems, technologies, and components will
be considered on a case-by-case basis in accordance
with existing laws and regulations, as well as relevant
national security and foreign policy goals and considerations.
In support of such reviews, the Secretary of State,
in consultation with the Secretaries of Defense, Commerce,
and Energy, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration, and the Director of Central
Intelligence, shall modify and maintain the Sensitive
Technology List directed in U.S. Commercial Remote Sensing
Space Policy, dated April 25, 2003, including those
technology items or areas deemed sensitive for positioning,
navigation and timing applications. The Secretaries
of State and Commerce shall use the list in the evaluation
of requests for exports. |
| Roles and Responsibilities |
| The Secretary of Defense
shall: |
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Have responsibility for development,
acquisition, operation, security, and continued
modernization of the GPS, while facilitating appropriate
civil and homeland security Department and Agency
representation and participation in these activities,
and any decisions that affect civil and homeland
security equities;
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Develop, acquire, operate, realistically
test, evaluate, and maintain navigation warfare
capabilities and other capabilities required to:
= Effectively utilize the GPS services in the event
of adversary jamming or other interference;
= Deny to adversaries position, navigation, and
timing services from the GPS, its augmentations,
and/or any other space-based position, navigation,
and timing systems without unduly disrupting civil,
commercial, and scientific uses of these services
outside an area of military operations, or for homeland
security purposes; and
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Identify, locate and mitigate,
in coordination with Departments and Agencies, as
appropriate, any interference on a global basis
that adversely affects use of the GPS for military
operations;
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Ensure the earliest operational
availability for modernized military and navigation
warfare capabilities;
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Train, equip, test, and exercise
U.S. military forces and national security capabilities
in operationally realistic conditions that include
denial of the GPS. In cooperation with the Secretaries
of Transportation and Homeland Security, and as
appropriate, with the Secretary of State, develop
guidelines that facilitate these activities and
Navigation Warfare training, testing, demonstrations,
and exercises without unduly disrupting or degrading
homeland security and civil services and operations,
either internationally or domestically;
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Promote use of GPS national security
services to allied military forces to facilitate
interoperability between U.S. and allied forces
and capabilities, and to maintain their use as the
pre-eminent military space-based positioning, navigation,
and timing capability;
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Maintain the commitment to discontinue
the use of the feature known as Selective Availability
designed to degrade globally the Standard Positioning
Service of the GPS;
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Facilitate access to appropriate
levels of national security services and user equipment
at the Federal level to meet critical requirements
for emergency response and other homeland security
purposes, and, on an exceptional basis, for civil
purposes, including state or local emergency response
- Develop improved, dedicated national security positioning,
navigation, and timing capabilities, including but
not limited to more diverse, flexible, and capable
signals and services;
- Maintain lead responsibility for negotiating with
foreign defense organizations any cooperation regarding
access to or information about GPS military services;
and
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| The Secretary of Transportation
shall: |
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Have lead responsibility for
the development of requirments for civil applications
from all United States Government civil Departments
and Agencies;? Ensure, in cooperation with the Secretary
of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security,
the performance monitoring of U.S. civil space-based
positioning, navigation, and timing services;
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Consistent with the guidance
in Section V of this policy, and in coordination
with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary
of State, facilitate: (1) foreign development of
civil positioning, navigation, and timing services
and systems based on the GPS; and (2) international
participation in the development of civil applications
for U.S. space-based positioning, navigation, and
timing services;
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Ensure, in coordination with
the Secretary of Defense, that space-based positioning,
navigation, and timing public safety services meet
or exceed international performance standards, including
but not limited to those used for these services
in aviation and/or maritime applications;
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In cooperation with other Departments
and Agencies, promote the use of U.S. civil spacebased
positioning, navigation, and timing services and
capabilities for transportation safety;
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| The Secretary of Commerce
shall: |
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Represent U.S. commercial interests
with other Departments and Agencies in the requirements
review of the GPS and related space-based augmentations;
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In coordination with the Secretaries
of State, Defense, and Transportation and the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, seek to protect
the radio frequency spectrum used by the GPS and
its augmentations through appropriate domestic and
international spectrum management and regulatory
practices;
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In coordination with the Secretaries
of Defense and Transportation, and the Administrator
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
facilitate cooperation between the United States
Government and U.S. industry as appropriate to identify
mutually acceptable solutions that will preserve
existing and evolving uses of space-based positioning,
navigation, and timing services, while allowing
for the development of other technologies and services
that depend on use of the radio frequency spectrum;
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| The Secretary of State
shall: |
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In cooperation with the Secretary
of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, and
other Departments and Agencies promote the useof
civil aspects of the GPS and its augmentation services
and standards with foreign governments and other
international organizations;
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Take the lead for negotiating
with foreign governments and international organizations
regarding civil and, as appropriate and in coordination
with the Secretary of Defense, military positioning,
navigation, and timing matters, including but not
limited to coordinating interagency review of:
= Instructions to U.S. delegations for bilateral
and multilateral consultations relating to the planning,
management, and use of the GPS and related augmentation
systems; and
= International agreements with foreign governments
and international organizations regarding the planning,
operation, management, and/or use of the GPS and
its augmentations; and
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Modify and maintain, in coodination
with the Secretaries of Defense, Commerce, and Energy,
the Director of Central Intelligence, and the Administrator
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
the Sensitive Technology List created by U.S. Commercial
Remote Sensing Space Policy, dated April 25, 2003.
In particular, include sensitive technology items
and/or information related to positioning, navigation,
and timing applications.
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| The Secretary of Homeland
Security shall |
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Identify space-based positioning,
navigation, and timing requirements for homeland
security purposes to the Secretary of Transportation,
and coordinate the use of positioning, navigation,
and timing capabilities and backup systems for homeland
security purposes by Federal, State, and local governments
and authorities;
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In coordination with the Secretary
of Transportation, and with other Departments and
Agencies, promote the use of the GPS positioning
and timing standards for use by Federal agencies,
and by State and local authorities responsible for
public safety and emergency response;
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In coordination with the Secretary
of Defense, and in cooperation with the Secretaries
of Transportation and Commerce, ensure:
= Mechanisms are in place to identify, understand,
and disseminate
timely information regarding threats associated
with the potential hostile use of space-based positioning,
navigation, and timing services within the United
States; and
= Procedures are developed, implemented, and routinely
exercised to request assistance from the Secretary
of Defense should it become necessary to deny hostile
use of space-based position, navigation and timing
services within the United States;
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Departments
and Agencies detecting interference, or receiving reports
of domestic or international interference adversely
affecting the performance of U.S. space-based positioning,
navigation, and timing services shall provide timely
reports to the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary
of Defense, and the Director of Central Intelligence. |
| Upon notification by the Secretary
of Homeland Security: |
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The Secretary of Commerce, in
cooperation with other Departments and Agencies,
and with the Chairman of the Federal Communications
Commission shall take appropriate and legally permissible
actions required to mitigate interference to U.S.
space-based positioning, navigation, and timing
services within the United States; and
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The Secretary of State shall,
as appropriate, notify and/or coordinate the notification
of foreign governments and international organizations
in cases of interference with U.S. spacebased positioning,
navigation, and timing services caused by foreign
government or commercial activities.
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| June
2005 |
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